The history of gambling Essay Example for Free

The history of gambling Essay Gambling is one of the oldest known pursuits of mankind. Archeological evidence suggests that even the earliest caveman was a gambler. Dice-like objects made from the ankle bone of a sheep or dog called Astragali dating back 40,000 years have been found. Cave drawings depicting gambling offer further proof of the existence of early gamblers. Pairs of dice have even turned up in the ruins of Pompeii, some of them loaded to fall a certain way. Around 2300 B. C. , the Chinese invented a game of chance using tiles, and 1100 years later Greek soldiers amused themselves with dice games, though in ancient Greece gambling was illegal. In Egypt, a pair of ivory dice were found in Thebes dating back to 1500 B. C. , and ancient gambling artifacts have been unearthed in China, Japan, India and Rome. In ancient Rome, Claudius redesigned his carriage so that he would have more room to throw dice, Caligula confiscated knights property to cover his gambling debts, and Roman soldiers gambled for the robes of Christ after his crucifixion. At the height of the Roman Empire, lawmakers decreed that all children were to be taught to gamble and throw dice. During the 14th century, and in spite of being an inveterate gambler himself, King Henry VIII outlawed gambling when he discovered that his soldiers spent more time gambling than improving their battle skills. When Henrys wife, Anne Boleyn, and her brother were tried for treason and incest, the odds were 10-to-1 on acquittal. In the New World, Native Americans , believing that the gods themselves invented games of chance, played dice with plum stones painted white or black. In addition to wagering possessions, Native Americans also played to predict future harvests and in hopes of curing seriously ill tribal members. During the Revolutionary War, lotteries bankrolled the Continental Army. Washington himself bought the first ticket for a federal lottery in 1793 sponsored to finance improvements in the District of Columbia, and nearly all state governments sanctioned lotteries. By the 1830s, more than 420 lotteries nationwide offered prizes. Lotteries remained a popular fund-raising method throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Riverboats and frontier towns in the New World emerged providing new gambling venues, sometimes legal, sometimes not. And one risked much more than a few gold pieces when gambling in the frontier days. Card cheats and con men were often lynched, denoting the publics attitude toward professional gamblers, or sharpers as they were often known. In the 1830s, refugee sharpers from the South moved to Cincinnati and opened the nations first Wolf-Traps or 10 Percent Houses, named for of the houses cut of the action. Cincinnati also was the birthplace of the Horse-Hair game, a method for cheating in cards by which a player, aided by an accomplices distractions, manipulated cards and chips by use of a horse hair attached to a vest button. After the Civil War, evangelical reform wiped out most of the lotteries. In the 1890s, the flagrant fraud of the nationally marketed Louisiana lottery led Congress to outlaw the remaining games, creating a public disdain for lotteries, and in 1910 Nevada made it a felony to operate a gambling game. Prohibition sent drinking and gambling underground. But it didnt stay down for long. In the 1930s, restrictions eased up and legalized betting on horse racing became popular. In 1931, Nevada legalized gambling again, and casinos literally sprouted from the sands of the desert. Atlantic City followed suit in 1978 and since then, other states have legalized various forms of gambling. Gamblers were hungry for a variety of games and where the early casinos offered just a few choices, the new and improved versions started adding variety to the games. Down in Texas theyd been playing a poker game called Hold Em and as the Texans traveled thru Nevada, they urged the casinos to add this poker variant. They didnt just want to play poker, they wanted to play Texas Hold Em as the variant came to be known. Variants of blackjack and poker started popping up all thru the casinos, sometimes from foreign travelers bringing an overseas version and sometimes by the casinos themselves attempting to tip the odds. Either way it was a hit and places like Las Vegas became all the rage, growing faster than anyone could have imagined. Variations of the games were sometimes used as a draw for a particular casino, being the only casino to offer that variant. Not to be outdone, other casinos would offer their own variations and before long there were dozens of different poker games and blackjack games.

Johnny got his gun Essay -- essays papers

Joghnny got his gun Joe’s Loses The most horrific part of the novel Johnny Got His Gun is the fact that Joe Bonham (the protagonist) is stripped of all he has and left with only his life and a sense of touch. His arms, legs and face have been blown off while fighting â€Å"for democracy† in the first world war. In addition to all his extremities and face he is also stripped of his vision, his hearing, his taste and smell. He is only left with a vague sense of touch on what he has left of his body. Being essentially robbed of everything he has ever known would be way too much of a shock for Joe. For most people the shock of losing any limb would be devastating almost unbearable. However a loss of Joe’s extent if it were to be discovered all at once could have overwhelmed him, either driven him to insanity or causing him to totally give up and die. By having Joe find out about each of his loss’s separately it adds more horror to Joe’s situation. It also keeps the reader of the story i nto the book, if someone found out the extent of Joe’s injuries all at once you might not contin...

Exploring South Africa Culture Essay

There are many countries that display various types and forms of communication, especially in some countries of Africa. One of the most toured and â€Å"rainbow† diverse country in Africa is apparently South Africa. Even though most of the country is predominantly black, it is also known to be one of the most multicultural countries in the world. In fact, there are many different ethnic groups that make up the countries’ population in urban areas. Also, it explain black people of South Africa colonialism and immigration have brought in white Europeans, Indians, Indo-Malays, Chinese and many more. The best the thing to do is describe some of South African culture, customs, manners, etiquette, values in order to understand the people better. You may be going to South Africa on business, for a visit or even hosting South African colleagues or clients in your own country. Remember, this is only a very basic prologue and is not meant to stereotype all South Africans you may meet! South Africa can be described as a social community that has a various types of communicational style, depending on the ethnic group or maybe the area At the same time they value human politeness over materialism. People living in the city live their life in the fast lane, which affects their outlook. People from the city Johannesburg can quite often be regarded as having materialistic values, and being more concerned in what you own rather than who you are in general. They prefer to see themselves as urbane and their country cousins as less sophisticated. However, in rural areas family ties, long-term friendships and social standing are all important to South Africans. The many rural black communities and villages are still rooted in the traditions of their heritage, whereas the increasingly urban black community combines their roots with the urban environment and international influences that surround them. In order to be accepted by the majority of South African culture, you must first understand their customs. South Africans are openly expressive when it comes to their customs. In fact, some of the countries customs are related to the United States in a way. For instance, the United States and South African share similar greetings, the English language and attires. When trying to get to know someone, South Africans, regardless of ethnicity, prefer meeting and greeting someone face to face instead of impersonal communication like email, letter, or telephone. Greetings are unhurried and can include time for social conversations and the exchanging of them too. â€Å"Currently, there are several greeting styles in South Africa, depending upon the ethnic heritage of the person you are visiting. When dealing with foreigners, most South Africans shake hands while maintaining eye contact and smiling† (Kwintessential 2004). Some women of South Africa don’t like to shake hands, usually they will merely nod their head, so it is best to wait for a woman to extend her hand first. Men can also kiss a woman they know well on the cheek in place of a handshake; something like France. Gender can also play a role in communication in some parts of South Africa. Traditionally, South African women have held second-class status to men. African social structures are centered on men, leaving women powerless (Martinez,1). Basically this called â€Å"Patriarchal†. This is mainly the belief of social communities throughout the entire racial and ethnic population of South Africa. Women roles is to cook and be the caregivers instead the household providers. Sometimes there are women in South Africa who have to follow their husband around or cannot go anywhere without them. Some continue to follow their traditional values; mostly are tribes and those living in villages. Sadly, Patriarchal societies remain prevalent today in South Africa. Another form of the South African culture would be celebrations. There’s one event that is celebrated in the South Africa called the â€Å"Rainbow† Cuisine (Hill, 1). The Rainbow Cuisine is meaningful and traditional to the country. It brings all ethnicity and culture together by using music, dance, cultural food and turning it into a big festival; something like Mardi Gras and the Super Bowl put together but bigger. In general, South Africans give gifts for birthdays and Christmas like Americans. However, South Africans only celebrate two main birthdays 21 and 40 while Americans celebrate 16, 18, 21, and 50. â€Å"Most South African’s birthdays are often celebrated with a large party in which a lavish gift is given† (Kwintessential 2004). It is common for several friends to contribute to this gift to help defray the cost. If you are invited to a South African’s home, bring flowers, good quality chocolates, or a bottle of good South African wine to the hostess (Kwintessential 2004). Wrapping a gift nicely shows extra effort. Gifts are opened when received. Just like the United States when you are invited to a South African’s household. A person must always arrive on time if invited to dinner. It’s considered very rude to show up late or don’t even show up to an invited dinner. Contact the hostess ahead of time to see if she would like you to bring a dish. Every guest have to be in casual wear or at least look presentable for other guest who are also invited and for the host as well. There are some ways to be appreciative of your host’s invite and that’s to offer to help the hostess with the preparation or clearing up after a meal is served. Most South Africans feel well respected when someone show kindness towards them and their family, especially over their food. Gentlemen can also get away with wearing jeans or shorts at a dinner, but they have to be pressed and not wrinkly. So before arriving to the dinner it is always a good idea to check with the hosts in advance. In the urban areas of South Africa, the casual is dressier than in other parts of the country so a person shouldn’t wear jeans or shorts unless you have spoken to the hosts. Now, there is some comparison with South Africa and the United States on some issues. One would be is how South Africa and the United States are conducting business ties with each other. Apparently, South Africans want to maintain agreeable working protocol relationships, so they shun confrontations. It is said that being imperative can help to develop mutual trust before negotiating with someone in business. Another rule in company’s or business negotiating it to never interrupt a South African while they are speaking. Interrupting can cause a huge fail between the buyer and seller, more over it can mess up business. South Africans strive for consensus and win-win situations. South Africans do not like bargaining over price, they believe in final decision- making. â€Å"Decision-making may be concentrated at the top of the company and decisions are often made after consultation with subordinates, so the process can be slow and protracted† (U. S. Library of Congress). However, in South Africa women today still have yet to attain advanced professional positions. If you send a woman, she must expect to encounter some condescending behavior and to be tested in ways that a male colleague would not. Women might have equal rights as men, however they are still treated unequally in higher business positions that’s ran mostly by men, like in the United States. South Africa and the United States are practicing friendlier connections in many areas. â€Å"More than 500 United States companies have more than US$5 billion in direct investments in South Africa in the mid-1990s, and trade between the two countries is increasing steadily† (U. S. Library of Congress). Despite the alleged disagreements in government between the two countries, they both learned to communicate and cooperate with each other by coming to verbal agreements on how business should be ran. South Africa can be an overall great experience for any tourist. Their culture can be easily understood by any ethnicity around the world. Hopefully South Africans will continue to expand traditions, culture, values, customs, and etiquettes in their country, despite diversity. The â€Å"Rainbow† nation will continue to shine their colors and will always be equally match to other countries, even the United States.

Sociological Theories And Concepts Applied By Georgia...

Sociological Theories and Concepts Applied Analyzing a Current Event Georgia Bureau of Investigations (GBI) agents can be seen actively working at the scene of an officer involved shooting. The City of Jackson Police Department requested their assistance to conduct an independent investigation for an Officer Involved Shooting/Use of Force and an alleged Aggravated Assault of a Police Officer in the early morning hours of September 13, 2016. Sherry Hall, an officer for the Jackson Police Department, was patrolling in the area of Camellia Court just after midnight when she stated that she saw a suspicious male sitting on the side of the road near the wood line. She approached the man to inquire what he was doing and why was he there. She claimed that’s when he became argumentative and aggressive pulling out a gun firing off a shot in her direction. She managed to fire off two rounds before making a call on the radio of an officer down/officers been shot. She suffered a gunshot wound to her abdomen. Law enforcement officers from the Jackson Police Department as well as from the Butts County Sheriff’s Office responded instantly to help one of their own who was down. In her statement she describes her assailant as a black man around 270 pounds last being seen at the wood line in the cul-de-sac of Camellia Court. Hall told the investigators that she did not have time to engage her audio or video equipment thus meaning that the incident was not recorded. She was taken to a localShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesreflect on the contributions which Michael Bromwich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal in the United Kingdom. He has been constantly open to the insights which advances in economic theory can provide into the accounting art, in many areas pushing at the frontiers of international knowledge in his own quiet way. In the area of costing, Michael has undoubtedly deepened our understandings of both conceptual and practical issues, in recentRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of mans complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desiresRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of OrganizationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesâ€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the sameRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesS. 3 Mexico and Caribbean to U.S. 2 Down from Andes 2 Intra-Caribbean 1 Southern Cone 1 Other 2 Sources: Imre Ferenczi and Walter Willcox, eds., International Migrations, vol. 1, Statistics (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1929); Adam McKeown, â€Å"Global Migration, 1846–1940,† Journal of World History 15 (2004): 155– 189; Jose C. Moya, â€Å"Immigration, Development, and Assimilation in the United States in a Global Perspective, 1850–1930,† Studia Migracyjne

Bulimia and Depression Essay - 2364 Words

Bulimia and Depression The prevalence of eating disorders among American women has increased dramatically in the past decade. In turn, the psychological community has expanded its scope of research and study by focusing more attention on eating disorders and concentrating on other extended issues related to eating disorders. The desire to distinguish and understand a possible relationship between bulimia nervosa and depression has become a major focus within the field. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to literature from two different journal articles on this relationship. How Are Bulimia and Depression Possibly Related?: Presently, there are two predominant hypotheses on the relationship between bulimia†¦show more content†¦Cognitions manifested by bulimics include dysfunctional attributions regarding weight gain, guilt, and self-deprecating attributions centered on feeling out of control. Schlesier, et al. (1987) state that depression: ...carries characteristic cognitive features of clinical import. Maladaptive thinking patterns related to depressive symptomatology include negative automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and causal attributions. Therefore, there are connections between these two disorders. There is a link in the relationship between bulimia and depression. Understanding this link is essential for treatment and therapy. Article I - Bulimia and Depression: A Review of the Affective Hypothesis: Lisa Hinz and Donald Williamson (1987) reflect on the evidence presented in past studies relating bulimia and depression and discriminate between the idea that bulimia is an affective variant of depression or a separate diagnostic entity often associated with depression. In their attempt to understand the relationship, the authors point out the complications that arise in an evaluation of studies that deal with depression and other illnesses due to the common associations made between the two. Hinz and Williamson (1987) state that evaluation of the affective variant hypothesis is difficult because it is well established that depression accompanies many chronic psychiatric and physicalShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to think thatRead More Anorexia and Bulimia - A Growing Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages Bulimia and anorexia is a growing epidemic in America. Bulimia and Anorexia can start at any age, but is most common between the ages of 11-17 years old. Of all the individuals that experience this illness only 50% of all of them are ever cured, and another 6% that suffer from this horrible illness will experience death. This illness has become very deadly to our young adults. Bulimia and anorexia can cause a distorted image in a persons mind because they truly believe they are overweight. InRead MoreBulimia Nervosa: The Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesBulimia, known as Bulimia Nervosa, is a deadly eating disorder in which an individual believes they are fat or overweight. Those individuals lose weight through unhealthy and dangerous methods. The overall desire to be thin and accepted appears to be the main cause of Bulimia. The attitudes about diet and appearance expressed by parents can be a factor. Teens may temporarily become slightly overweight and parents who react negatively may cause their children to become fearful or anxious about theRead MoreBulimia Nervos Eating Disorder1271 Words   |  6 Pages Bulimia Nervosa Presenting Problem Bulimia Nervosa, also referred to as Bulimia, or Binge-Purge behavior, is an eating disorder in which an individual will engorge themselves with unusually large amounts of food in a short amount of time and purge later. Between eating binges, a person with Bulimia Nervosa will tend to restrict their caloric intake, and by their own preference select foods in which they believe are seemingly â€Å"low in calories†. Often, an individual may feel out of control duringRead MoreEssay Eating Disorders in Adolescents1302 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in Adolescents The eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are complex psychosomatic illnesses. Underlying biological diatheses related to the regulation of mood, hunger, satiety, weight control, and metabolism, combined with psychological and sociocultural vulnerabilities, place an individual at risk for developing an eating disorder (Kaplan and Garfinkel, 1993). The American Anorexia Nervosa Association defines anorexia as a ‘serious illness ofRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating, Bulimia, And Anorexia1215 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different types of eating disorders such as binge-eating, bulimia, and anorexia. All three eating disorders are very similar, but they are also differ with the issue they cause. Eating disorders can be harmful to a persons’ body because when they keep vomiting, it causes certain parts of the body to deteriorate over time. Each disorder has many symptoms, causes, warning signs, and health problems. All disorders differ with the way they affect people and how the person is treatedRead MoreEssay about Princess Diana : A Case Study834 Words   |  4 Pagespaper to examine how the events of Diana’s life in conjunction with psychological components contributed to her development of bulimia nervosa. Biological Component Eating disorders like bulimia are a significant public health problem for individuals across the lifespan (American Psychological Association, 2012).More important, the biological explanation of bulimia derived from the concept of multiple causality, suggests symptoms of eating disorders are heavily influenced by non-geneticRead MoreTeenagers in Today’s World are Affected by Society’s Projection of Self-image670 Words   |  3 Pagesbegin to experience depression which can ultimately lead to suicide. One of the eating disorders many resort to is bulimia. Bulimia nervosa is the act of binging and purging to compensate weight gain via laxative or self-induced vomiting (www.nationaleatingdisorders.org). Because bulimia is typically practiced with self-induced vomiting, there are many negative effects. These can be anywhere from popped blood vessels in the eyes, to esophageal/bowel rupture and tooth decay. Bulimia affects about oneRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 Pageslives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failing organs are usually signs that someone may have bulimia. There are always key signs and factors to recognizing an eating disorder. Eating disorders are serious. We all should be aware of the affec t it has on an individual,Read MoreEffects Of Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1150 Words   |  5 Pageseating disorders, the media plays an influential role in the lives of many women. Eating disorders are abnormal and serious disturbances in one s eating habits caused by many factors. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two well-known eating disorders. The causes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are difficult to understand but there are a lot of factors that play a role in the development of them. Females are more likely to develop an eating disorder and heightened concern about weight than

Essay on Ethics The Foundation of Good Business - 686 Words

According to the Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia business ethics is the moral principles defining how businesses and business professionals should act toward each other, employees, and the public. Some professions such as law and medicine clearly have defined codes of professional ethics. In other areas appropriate behavior has been established over time by practice. Business ethics involves the role of a company in our society. Complex and contentious areas of business ethics would include the effect a petrochemical companys actions have on the environment or the obligation of a pharmaceutical company to make its drugs available to developing countries. As lobbyists and pressure groups become more powerful, companies are being†¦show more content†¦This trend is having a profound effect on my community. Many women who have children, are unemployed because there are very few companies that are accomodating to their situations, and have no other choice but to stay at home. Older employees who are force to take early retirement, are also having difficulty getting another job because of their age, having to take roomates to assist financially, with living expenses. Conflict of Interest In today’s business environment conflict of interest arises frequently in the private and public sector of our local communities. Conflict of interest occurs when a situatiton with an individual of an organization who is involved in multiple intersts that could be viewed as corrupt or inappropriate based on the circumstances sorrounding the issue. In my community, public officals oftens give huge contracts to companies that they have a personal investment in, which would be profitable for them. In most cases the spouse or a family member may be on the board of the company receiving the contract, and the public official would benefit in some way. This level of corruption have caused many people in my local community to have mistrust in their elect officals and local companies in my area. Customer Confidence Issues These issues are usually confidentiality, product safety and effectiveness, and truth in advertising. In today’s businessShow MoreRelatedEthics And Its Impact On Business Ethics1339 Words   |  6 PagesBehind every successful company there is a strong foundation of ethics. Their vision, mission, behavior as a company, beliefs, and convictions all stem from their ethics. Not all companies have this foundation. To some, it is not believed to be essential for success. Ethics is important in business because our day-to-day life involves these businesses. The places we go to buy clothes, food, cars, computers, and services are all different kinds of businesses that we support financially. How many ofRead MoreEssay about Legal and Ethical Considerations of Marketing1697 Words   |  7 PagesFirst of all, the first stage was covered up until the early years of the 1920’s, in the United States, called the ‘production era’. Goods were s carce and buyers were willing to accept virtually any goods that were available and make do with them. The ‘sales era’ picked up right after the early 1920’s to the 1960’s, where manufacturers found they could produce more goods than buyers could consume and competition grew. In the 1960’s American firms relied on marketing because it became the motivatingRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Role of Ethics and Law in Creating and Maintaining Efficient Markets 1856 Words   |  7 Pageseducate future business leaders on actually how to run a business in a manner that contributes towards modern day concepts of sustainability and protection of natural resources around the world. The global business leaders of tomorrow will need to be flexible and able to incorporate all aspects of good decision-making in an increasingly complex global business environment. (Berenbeim 2005) Ethical leadership has become vital to the future of American businesses as they mold the foundation for these developingRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Business Ethics And Social Responsibility1295 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Decision-Making De’Ambre Zanders OMM640: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility (MOH1616A) Instructor: Dr. Maja Zelihic May 1, 2016 Abstract In any type of business, ethical decision-making is usually at the forefront of company operations. It shapes the foundation of a company and gives employees a moral compass as to what is expected of them ethically. Ethical-decision making prevents individuals from profiting from their own personal methods, while representingRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Rules Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamentals are a good moral foundation for a business. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context.† (p25) From the lecture, we know that ethics matters because â€Å"how organizations behave have important implications for how they fulfill their social and economic roles† and â€Å"their success as well as the success of their employees, customers, etc.† Thus, running a business ethically is good for business. Applying Solomon’sRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesCode of Ethics A code of ethics/conduct is an important part of an organization. It clarifies the organization s mission, values and principles, linking them with standards of professional conduct. According to CSUGlobal.edu (n.d.), ethics is the study of good and bad behavior and a person is acting ethically, they are doing what is right. Additionally, ethics require that a person conforms to a higher standard of behavior than the law requires. A code of ethics is an open disclosure for the wayRead MoreEthical Analysis : Ethics And Ethics909 Words   |  4 PagesConsumers today want to do business with reputable companies that are led and managed by ethical decision makers. Ethical decision makers look to partner with other companies that share similar morals and values. In other words, the public and other companies want to associate with an organization that will make ethical judgements. Ethical decisions are not always obvious nor are they based on what is right or wrong or what is good or bad (Gonzalez-Padron, 2015). 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However, nowadays, many successful companies and businessmen have their own foundation and do some good things, for example, the Ford Foundation has allocated millions of dollars for cancer research and the Bill amp; Melinda Gates Foundation has

Case Study on Immigration Law Visa Validity and Eligibility

Question: Describe the Case Study on Immigration Law for Visa Validity and Eligibility. Answer: 1A - The difference between visa validity and visa eligibility: Visa validity refers to the length of time till which the foreign national is allowed to reside in the country of visit. In case the person fails to leave the country, then the person is considered to have overstayed the visa and it is illegal to do in most countries. The person is now an offender in the eyes of the law and is liable to punitive legal action. Visas are generally issued for a period which is mentioned on the visa document either in form of time period (number of days / months / years) from date of issue or as a specific end date. Visa eligibility refers to the validity of reason and criteria of a foreigner required to be met by the law of the visiting country to avail the service. This is directly linked to the purpose of visit of the foreigner to the visiting country. The government of the visiting country will always require knowing the reason for the visit, as the conduct of the foreigner on their land will always affect the foreign relations of the counties in question[1]. Also the eligibility conditions may require the visitor to have a certain cleanliness of track record in the country of nationality. Persons with criminal or fraudulent background may not be granted a visa on the assumed pretext that they may do the same in the visiting country, causing harm. Just like nobody wants to let a thief into the house knowingly, the eligibility of visa checks the background of the person on similar spirits. 1B - The process of obtaining a permanent partner visa: Partner visa is issued to people who wish to come to Australia for the purpose of marriage. It is applicable for persons who are already married to an Australian citizen or a Permanent resident, or a New Zealand Citizen. Even people who are planning to get married to the aforementioned class of people are eligible to apply for this visa. The Australian partner needs to fund the visitor for a period of two years and the visiting partner needs to be an adult. For persons already married to, or are in a relationship with the aforementioned class of people, the government first allows a temporary visa for two ears, which is then converted in to permanent one[2]. The partner visas can be of the following types: Marriage visa this is applicable for partners who are already married and want to bring their non-Australian partner in the country. They must provide proof of marriage and be living together. Prospective marriage visa this is applicable for nine months to allow a person to enter into Australia and marry a person of choice within the time frame. Post marriage the person can apply for a Partner visa. De-Facto visa this is applicable for persons who are in a relationship with the aforementioned class of persons and are sponsored by the Australian partner. Post marriage they can apply for a partner visa. The process of application of Partner visa is as enumerated below: Evidence of continuing relationship must be produced to the authorities along with commitment for life. The two partners must be living together and meet the health criteria required. Financial soundness of the partners needs to be established, along with commitment that partners wish to setup a household together and share the responsibilities. Also it is required to be declared as to how the immediate societies of the partners (friends and family) perceive the marriage along with personal commitment to each other, including knowledge of personal history and future aspirations. De Facto Visa process varies a little as the partner has to first apply for temporary visa with a commitment of continuing the relationship for minimum of 12 months, and then after fulfilment of the period apply for Partner visa. 1C - The criteria for lodging a valid application for an onshore Partner visa: Onshore Partner Visa can be applied only by persons who have already arrived and are residing in Australia on a different visa and now living with a partner in De Facto or Married state with any of the three classes of people allowed by law. The criteria is that the partner needs to be already married and have a temporary visa for two years and on permanent basis if waiting period is over[3]. Onshore partners need to apply for Partner visa subclass 805 and 801 and offshore partners for subclass 309 and 100. The partners have to marry legally as per Australian law (even if the marriage happened outside Australia) and apply for the visa. 2A - Has George breached any obligations under the Code of Conduct for registered migration agents? Explain: George has made a promise to Amal of converting her from a Temporary Skilled Worker visa to a Refugee visa based on her country of origin. There some clear observations here. Amal has been in Australia for last 4 years and she had left Syria much before the crisis and can no way qualified as a refugee. Moreover the charges he had demanded and the nature in which he treated the funds were in clear contravention of the Code of Conduct of the Immigration Agents[4]. He has violated the Code on grounds of interaction with the clients He has violated the Code on grounds of fees, charges and the nature of financial transactions It is yet to see if he violates the stipulate of the responses to be made to the complaint filed against him. George has failed under sections 2.1A c d referring to conflict of interests, 2.1B suppression of facts, 2.2 b akin to receiving an unfavourable payment against an advice, under 2.7 a, b c of providing wrong opinion, 2.10 a, b c of providing false promises. he has grossly violated the code under the fees and charges section, regarding fairness of fees 5.1, 5.2. (c) by not giving a written agreement, 5.4 by depositing the fees in his personal account and also 5.5 (a) of accepting a fee before agreement. Gorge has violated 6.1 of keeping written records of client communications as his intentions were fraudulent[5]. He has faltered under section 7.1 (a) for not transacting through the operating account and 7.1 (b) of accepting cash and not through client account. He has violated section 7.4 as well. George has violated entire Part 11 by fooling his client instead of creating client awareness[6]. 2B - What powers does the OMARA have to discipline George if he has breached the Code of Conduct? The OMARA was setup to regulate the process of immigration to Australia. The OMARA is a regulatory body that oversees proper implementation of the Migration Act 1958 and the Migration Regulations 1994. The organisation is a part of Department of Immigration and Border Protection of the Australian Government. It acts as a regulatory body for the Migration Agents in Australia and keeping a vigil on them, while they operate within the ambits of the two legislations mentioned above. Despite their freedom to do business, the Code of Conduct for the Immigration Agents sets a detailed guideline for the agents to follow. This code mainly regulates the business ethics part of the agents activities. The purpose of the Code is to debar unscrupulous agents from making false promises and duping the immigrants. This prevents financial loss to the immigrants, and prohibits creation of a pool of illegal immigrants inside Australia[7]. The OMARA can carry out a conduct of review for George and issue summons to him to explain his actions of violating the Code of Conduct with reasons thereof. It may impose a fine on George for consciously not complying with stipulates of the code. Moreover, if the agent has been found conducting serious breach, the license of the agent may be cancelled in conjunction with the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 3A - The steps he needs to take in order to make a valid application for a Class EN Subclass 186 visa: To Safi Khan 1/1 Boulevard Avenue Perth Steps for making a valid visa application for Class EN subclass 186 visa Dear Safi, Please note that as per your application, you have mentioned that your present visa Class TU Subclass 500 is due to expire by end of this year. You have expressed the desire to apply for Class EN Subclass 186 visa. You are currently on a student visa, but is allowed to seek employment under the same. Your employer Rearden Industries have agreed to sponsor you. To apply for the 186 visa, you are required to make an application in the required format on the relevant website of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection(Border, 2016). Since you have been nominated by an employer, you are eligible to apply for the visa within the next six months of the nominations letter. You also have a valid visa for your current residence in Australia as you may apply for this visa while staying in the country as well. Your passport hopefully is valid and if you are expecting a new passport ensure you report the same to the department. You should be good at functional English as per the regulatory requirements of the country, else may be required to pay additional visa charges during the second instalment. Though you were a student here and your lectures were delivered in English, the duration of your masters degree course was much less than the stipulated period of 5 years and hence the requirement exists for you. You are under 50, so there is no problem in application. Do get a health check-up done and keep the reports to yourself proving yourself in sound state of health and mind. The results are valid for a period of 12 months. You are advised to get in touch with your local police station and get a police search record against your name. The search includes police records from both Australia and Nepal. You need to mention details of your family members in the application. Do consult the document checklist for further clarifications and prepare the documentation. Then you need to apply online for the visa through the link on the website. All documents need to be uploaded in the soft form and the relevant visa charges paid through credit card. The upload needs to be done using your Immi Account that you need to open. You will receive an acknowledgement of receipt of the application by the department. The visa processing takes between 5 to 8 months of time. Kindly ensure that your present visa is valid for the interim period. If not, you need to apply for a bridging visa (BVB) to legitimately live in Australia. Otherwise, you may be required to leave Australian soil and come back only after your visa is granted. Our advice is to also apply for the BVB if the present visa is valid for less than 5 months. Hope these guidelines will help you process your visa application in a more efficient manner. Yours sincerely, Myself 3B - The criteria for lodging a valid application for a Class EN Subclass 186 visa: The Class EN Subclass 186 visa is a permanent residency visa for working professionals. Hence the requirements for this visa are stringent and needs to meet a lot of regulatory requirements. Firstly, being a PR visa, it needs to ensure that the applicant has employment in the country to be able to sustain self (and partner if applicable). Hence a letter from the employer guaranteeing sponsorship to the applicant is necessary[8]. The applicant needs to conduct in English; hence they need to qualify for a Basic English certification as per the requirements of the Australian government. However, for citizens of UK, Ireland, Canada, US, New Zealand this requirement is waived off. The applicant must be of sound health and hence needs to get a medical check-up done, the results of which are valid for 12 months. The applicant needs to get a police record search done in all countries where the applicant has stayed in the immediate preceding 12 months. The record is to prove the cleanliness of character of the applicant. The applicant needs to be below 50 years of age while applying. In case the person is above 50, the applicant needs to be a nominated professor or technical research scholar. During the pendency of the application process, the applicant needs to hold a valid visa for residing in Australia, if the application is being made while staying in Australia. If not a BVB Visa needs to be sought for the interim. Bibliography: Austlii, 1958. Migration Act 1958 - Sect 48. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/s48.html [Accessed 09 October 2016]. australiaforum, 2013. What makes a lodged partner visa application valid? [Online] Available at: https://www.australiaforum.com/visas-immigration/18222-what-makes-lodged-partner-visa-application-valid.html [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/186- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Independent review of the Office of the Migration Agents Registration Authority. [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/reviews-inquiries/office-of-the-migration-agents-registration-authority [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Protection visa (subclass 866). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/866- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Temporary Work (Skilled) visa (subclass 457). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/457- [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Mara, 2016. Code of conduct practice guides. [Online] Available at: https://www.mara.gov.au/becoming-an-agent/professional-standards-and-obligations/code-of-conduct/ [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Mara, 2016. Make a complaint about an agent. [Online] Available at: https://www.mara.gov.au/using-an-agent/resolving-disputes-with-your-agent/make-a-complaint-about-an-agent/ [Accessed 09 October 2016]. Myaccessaustralia, 2013. 10 Useful Things to Know About Your Australian 186 Visa. [Online] Available at: https://myaccessaustralia.com/10-useful-things-to-know-about-australia-186-visa/ [Accessed 09 October 2016].